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Henry Brant
Henry Dreyfuss Brant (September 15, 1913 – April 26, 2008) was a Canadian-born American composer. An expert orchestrator with a flair for experimentation, many of Brant's works featured spatialization techniques.
== Biography ==
Brant was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada of American parents in 1913, Henry Brant began composing at the age of eight, and studied first at the McGill Conservatorium (1926–29) and then in New York City (1929–34). The son of a professional violinist, Brant played violin, flute, tin whistle, piano, organ, and percussion at a professional level and was fluent with the playing techniques for all of the standard orchestral instruments. As a teenager, he was the youngest composer included in Henry Cowell's landmark book ''American Composers on American Music'', demonstrating an early identification with the American experimental musical tradition. Brant was represented in Cowell's anthology by an essay on ''oblique harmony'', an idea which presaged some techniques used in his mature spatial works. He composed, orchestrated, and conducted for radio, film, ballet, and jazz groups. The stylistic diversity of these professional experiences would also eventually contribute to stylistic polyphony of his mature works. Starting in the late 40s, he taught at Columbia University, the Juilliard School and, for 24 years, Bennington College. In the mid-1950s Brant felt that “single-style music…could no longer evoke the new stresses, layered insanities, and multi-directional assaults of contemporary life on the spirit.” In pursuit of an optimal framework for the presentation of a music which embraced such a simultaneity of musical textures and styles, Brant made a series of experiments and compositions exploring the potential for the physical position of sounds in space to be used as an essential compositional element.
In addition to his works for the concert hall, he was active as an orchestrator for many Hollywood productions including the Elizabeth Taylor movie ''Cleopatra'' (1963), one of many collaborations with composer Alex North. Brant helped with the orchestration of North's score for ''2001'', and due to North's stress-induced muscle spasms, Brant had to conduct the recording session for the film score.〔"(Alex North's Comments on 2001 )", ''Visual-Memory.co.UK''.〕 He also worked as orchestrator for composers Virgil Thomson, Aaron Copland, George Antheil, Douglas Moore, and Gordon Parks.〔"(Henry Brant as composer and orchestrator for films )", ''RenewableMusic.blogspot.com'', Friday, July 03, 2009.〕 Brant's work as an orchestrator was not limited to film and stage: his long-term affinity for the music of Charles Ives — whose The Unanswered Question was an acknowledged inspiration for Brant's spatial music — was ultimately found in the premier of Brant's arrangement of Ives' Second Piano Sonata, "Concord, Mass 1840-60" as ''A Concord Symphony'' in 1996.〔"(The Greatest Symphony Ever (Re-)Written )", ''ArtsJournal.com'', September 12, 2007, by Kyle Gann.〕
From 1981, he made his home in Santa Barbara, California where he died on April 26, 2008 at the age of 94.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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